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The annual International Women’s Day has just passed, and "women hold up half the sky". The creation, development and myriad weather of this world are absolutely inseparable from the hard work of hundreds of millions of women throughout the ages. Similarly, the "fashion" that affects human life cannot be separated from the promotion and struggle of women.
When it comes to fashion, the first reaction of public cognition will think that this is a cultural phenomenon after the industrial revolution gave birth to the consumer society. However, in a broad sense, the fashion trend in the pre-modern society is also colorful. For example, the Tang Dynasty, which has an important position in the history of China and the history of world civilization, has an unprecedented pursuit of fashion. The book "tang style Brushing the Threshold" recently published by Social Science Literature Publishing House and written by Chinese scholar Chen Buyun focuses on the 300 years of fashion in the Tang Dynasty.
Chen Buyun Social Science Literature Publishing House, tang style.
The ban on luxury can’t ban the love of beauty.
"Fashion is the center of people’s life in the Tang Dynasty, because this dynasty placed fabrics at the center of the economic and moral value structure. Elite men and women subvert the dress code to obtain gorgeous silk and fashionable designs. The changes in economic and social structure have triggered a new sense of time, a The Imitation Game, and a change in production methods, which are the pioneers of the formation of modern fashion systems. " A passage on the cover of tang style’s Whistling Threshold succinctly summarizes the main idea of this book, that is, to find the origin of fashion outside the mainstream western discourse system and to dig out the inextricably linked relationship with today. As Valerie Steele, director of the Museum of new york Fashion Institute, commented: "Is fashion a Western phenomenon related to the rise of European capitalism? This has been the argument for many years. In Chen Buyun’s works, it shows the existence of a prosperous fashion culture in the Tang Dynasty in China. "
The title of the translated version of the book abandoned the original Imperial Style, and the title of "tang style blows the sill" was taken from the great poet Li Bai’s "Qingpingdiao I", with three poems, which praised Yang Guifei’s beauty at the order of Tang Minghuang. "Clouds want clothes and flowers, and the spring breeze blows the sill, and it is full of exuberance. If it weren’t for the head of Yushan Mountain, it would meet Yaotai under the moon. " Although there are many high songs of "Who are we from Artemisia?", there are also many works of "destroying the eyebrows and bending the waist" in the early years. Although it is a propositional composition, this poem is also magnificent in imagination, and it has done a great job of Yang Guifei’s national beauty.
Female figurines riding horses with veils.
The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty describes Yang Guifei’s "gorgeous posture". Wu Hong, an art historian, also insisted: "It is said that the fashion of shaping fat women is largely due to Yang Guifei’s well-known fullness. Although this statement is doubtful, because such a character image appeared in the early 8th century, even before that, Yang Guifei did embody the essence of this image and marked its climax. Because she not only dominated the upper class in Chang’ an, but also dominated the fantasy of contemporary men. " The richness wrapped under the precious and gorgeous silk became the weather vane of that era. At first glance, this is a lively romantic story, but there is a complicated change process behind it.
Cloth represented by silk is not only the main carrier of the tax system, but also the substitute of money in some specific years because of the encouragement of the government, which can be circulated in the market. The clothes processed by them show the power level and social status.
Mr. Shen Congwen once concluded in the study of ancient Chinese costumes: "feudal rulers have always regarded clothing as a symbol of class, that is, the rulers are also hierarchical and should not be confused." Therefore, every time the dynasty changes, it will be rescheduled as usual. "
As soon as the Tang Dynasty was founded, the society was divided into three social classes, namely, the privileged class dominated by royal relatives and officials, the free civilians and hereditary servant families, the private servants and the untouchables composed of slaves, and the clothing of different classes had tireless detailed regulations-the emperor had 14 sets of clothes for different occasions, 6 sets of princes and 3 sets of empresses, and the royal family and officials and their families were divided into nine categories. At the same time, "women are allowed to wear low-grade clothes, but they are strictly forbidden to wear clothes higher than their own grades." This restriction helps to consolidate the connection between privilege and status and ensure the status of high-grade people. Like color and chroma, silk fabrics are also strictly regulated. Those more complicated and luxurious patterns and weaves can only be used by the highest-ranking women in the imperial court. " Since then, throughout the Tang Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties have made further detailed provisions on this.
Tri-colored women pottery figurines in clothes
The rules formulated by the royal family are also violated by members of the royal family first, and the starting point is the pursuit of fashion. This is the case with Princess Anle’s hundred birds skirt. According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, this gorgeous dress is "one color in the face, one color in the side, one color in Japan and China, and one color in the shadow, and all kinds of birds can be seen", which has led to a strong follow-up. "The self-made wool skirt is more effective for the rich, and the feathers of exotic birds and animals in the rivers and mountains are exhausted." Note that a major feature of fashion is imitation. Through imitation, we can gain a sense of psychological identity beyond identity and social status. In the later generations, although there are more complete means of prohibition and punishment, if the dress does not conform to the grade, it will be punished by forty slaps.
In 714, after Xuanzong succeeded to the throne, there were three orders to ban luxury, namely, Forbidden Jade and Splendid Jade, Forbidden Jade and Splendid Jade, and forbidden luxury in 726. Each ban was severely worded, not only the gold and silver ornaments on the clothes were melted and cast to supplement the military expenditure, but also the jade and pearls were required to be burned, which was explicitly stated. In hindsight, this is more like a performance art for the world. Li Shu, a royal woman who died in 736, also revealed the invalidity of the luxury ban to later generations.
Following Chen Buyun’s brush strokes, we can see that "the funerary objects in Li Shu’s tomb contain various forms of gold ornaments, such as woven gold silk clothes, gold-framed flower buds, gold-plated bronze hair clips, and some gold threads. Pearls, turquoise, mother-of-pearl, precious stones and amethyst are also fixed and embedded in the golden crowns. The belt part is made of pearls, and the gold frame is decorated with flowers. " Li Shu is neither a princess nor a husband, but he is just a small official with seven products. These are obviously over-the-top funerary objects. Reminiscent of the extravagance of Yang Guifei’s family "with a mass of golden peacocks and silver unicorns … are blue leaves of delicate kingfisher feathers", the so-called luxury ban is more formal.
From Daizong to Dezong to Wenzong, there were various bans. During the years of Wenzong, except for the production of luxury silk, it was even stipulated that "new samples" were not allowed. In order to implement the regulations, he also ordered Wang Ya, the minister, to revise the clothing system and re-implement the regulations on determining the color and type of clothing by grade. "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet" said that Sima Bai Juyi with eight products was wearing blue clothes. However, Princess Yan ‘an, the sister of Wenzong, wore a large and luxurious silk dress when she enjoyed the lantern at midnight snack in 839, which annoyed Emperor Wenzong and made this rule fail again.
The game of ideas
In addition to decrees, there are also prevailing social concepts that hinder fashion.
The opening up of the Tang Dynasty surpassed previous dynasties, and the management of the western regions not only exported silk, porcelain and culture, but also imported all kinds of articles and habits. The most obvious thing is the prevalence of Hu clothes, and the Tang people’s fascination with Hu clothes is related to horse riding outings, polo competitions and the popularity of music, dance and articles in the western regions, which are all indulged by the court. Hu Fu was popular for centuries, and it reached its peak in Xuanzong’s reign. "All the riders from the imperial palace are wearing Hu Mao, and they show up with beautiful makeup, and there is no complex barrier. The scholar’s house has followed suit. "
Painted Hu fu female figurines
The popularity of Hu fu has not only shaken the prohibition of luxury, but also blurred the gender differences and disrupted the social class, so that the editors of Old Tang Shu bitterly denounced, "Too often, people are happy to admire Hu qu, nobles are eager to eat Hu, and scholars and women are all dressed in Hu fu, so there is Fan Yang’s rebellion against Hu, which bodes well for the future." In their view, this disordered fashion was the chief culprit that caused the Anshi Rebellion to almost destroy the dynasty’s rule, and put the pursuit of fashion by human nature under the moral stick, adding a painful whip. Absolute beauty’s prosperous Tang Dynasty finally declined, and later generations can only get a glimpse from poetry and archaeology. Fortunately, time will wash away everything. Today, when we appreciate and admire the splendor and exquisiteness of ancient fashion through historical remains, how many people can think of those ridiculous bans?
Although the fashion in the Tang Dynasty changed a lot, the working people at the bottom did not enjoy it at all. Heavy taxes and heavy labor overdrawn their energy and enthusiasm, and strict decrees made them have to wear natural linen. Only in the new era when people fully enjoy material wealth can people enjoy the beauty brought by fashion, even in the wholesale market, they can find a dress of the latest style and participate in "fashion" in a cheap and good way. (Editor: Li Zhengrong)
We’ve seen many ways to take a break in the NBA over the years.
In order not to play ball, various operations are endless.
Of course, if it is expanded to the level of the national team,
The reasons are even more strange, and reasonable ones include:
The previous season was too tired and needed time to rest.
Of course, it also includes the life event of "getting married"
"No, do you mean me?"
Some people cringe, others walk with their heads held high.
At the beginning of recruiting players for the World Cup, the United States team
Big names are refusing, so that the stars are dim.
People say that the dream team is not as good as Canada next door.
However, brunson announced his joining early.
He was the first to sign up and also the first to report.
It is also the first batch to invest in training camps.
What’s more, in order to concentrate on the national team competition,
Don’t let your personal life affect the whole.
He was originally scheduled to marry his fiancee on September 2.
Shengsheng finished the wedding one month in advance!
He also invited university teammates and national team teammates to witness together.
After the teammates witnessed it, the bottle was thrown and the suit was taken off.
Go directly to the national team training camp without neglect.
No honeymoon! I just want to play basketball!
People say: Life is bigger than basketball. Come to him
Everything is just a derivative of basketball.
At the end of the season, everyone else was busy on vacation.
Brunson has begun to complain that the season hasn’t started yet.
He can’t wait to hit another level.
All kinds of wild game bureaus and training bureaus in the middle have not fallen behind.
Although we stand in brunson’s wife’s point of view.
The husband is eager to serve the country and is absorbed in his work.
It must have affected the sweetness of the couple’s daily life.
But if you look at it from the perspective of the American men’s basketball team.
In the absence of big names, there is such a person.
So focused, so crazy, so serious
Others will be infected more or less, so strengthen your enthusiasm.
But then again, this year’s US team lineup
It is indeed the most embarrassing dream team in the past years.
Do you think the American team can make it into the top four this time?
If the NBA is a cup, who do you think is the champion?
The new activity of NBA hero opens! The last day of today
Lakers vs heat! Old Zhan confronted Butler, who did you choose?
There is a chance to vote for free every day, and if you vote, you will get a treasure chest.
Yi Jianlian welcomes new news! Or retire, it is expected to become a new boost for the Guangdong men’s basketball team.
In the basketball world of China, an important news is spreading quietly. Yi Jianlian, the leader of Guangdong men’s basketball team and one of the representative figures of China basketball team, is facing an important decision: to renew or retire. For many years, Yi Jianlian has been the scoring champion and leader of Guangdong men’s basketball team, and his existence has brought indelible honor and glory to the team. However, time and tide wait for no man. As he grew older, Yi Jianlian began to think about his future career planning. He still maintains a high level of competition, but he still chooses to retire after staying in the team, which has become a dilemma for him. No matter what decision he makes, he will become a new assistant to the Guangdong men’s basketball team and contribute to the stability and development of the team. For Yi Jianlian, renewing the contract is not the only option.
It is reported that he is also considering the possibility of retiring. Yi Jianlian has always been the core player of Guangdong men’s basketball team, and his departure will undoubtedly bring great changes to the team. However, as he grew older, he began to seriously think about his career. This kind of thinking is natural. For many athletes, retirement is an inevitable choice, but it is also a difficult choice. In the face of this decision, Yi Jianlian should not only consider his own future, but also consider the interests of the team and his position in the team. Yi Jianlian’s motivation for staying in Guangdong men’s basketball team may be various. First of all, he has established a deep affection with the Guangdong men’s basketball team.
Over the years, Yi Jianlian has been the soul of the team, and his existence has won numerous honors for the Guangdong men’s basketball team, as well as the love and respect of fans. Staying in this team he loves deeply can not only continue to pursue basketball honor, but also continue the emotional bond with the team and fans. Secondly, as a player with rich experience and high level of competition, Yi Jianlian still plays an irreplaceable role in the team. His strength and charisma provide a solid guarantee for the stability and development of Guangdong men’s basketball team. However, compared with the renewal, the possibility of retirement can not be ignored. With the growth of age, physical fitness and state will gradually decline, which is an inevitable reality for every athlete.
Although Yi Jianlian still maintains a high level of competition, retirement is also an unavoidable topic. After all, the end of a career does not mean the end of everything, it also marks a new starting point. For Yi Jianlian, retirement may become an opportunity to explore a new career path and lifestyle. After retiring, he can continue to keep close contact with the Guangdong Men’s Basketball Team, serve as a teaching assistant or other positions, and contribute to the future development of the team. This arrangement can also ensure that he constantly accumulates experience in the basketball career and passes on his experience to the younger generation of players. No matter which decision Yi Jianlian finally makes, he will become a new boost for the Guangdong men’s basketball team. If he chooses to stay in the team, he will continue to contribute to the stability and development of the team.
As the core figure of the team, he can continue to lead the team to fight for more honors for the Guangdong men’s basketball team. At the same time, he can also play a leading role in training and guiding young players, so that they can flourish in the future basketball. And if he chooses to retire, then he will become a teaching assistant or other position of the team. In this new role, he can pass on his rich experience to a new generation of players and help them grow better. He can pay silently behind the scenes and contribute to the future development of Guangdong men’s basketball team. No matter what choice he makes, his name and contribution will always be engraved in the history of Guangdong men’s basketball team. Yi Jianlian’s basketball career is full of glory and honor.
From a young age, he showed extraordinary talent and potential, and became the pride of basketball in China. He represented the national team in the international arena and won many honors for China. In CBA league, he has always been the scoring champion and leader of Guangdong men’s basketball team, leading the team to win many league titles. His basketball wisdom and skills have won the respect and love of fans. He is one of the representative figures of China basketball and an indispensable part of Guangdong men’s basketball team.
Major listed companies in the industry:Bichuang Technology, Minxin Co., Ltd., Sifang Optoelectronics, Senba Sensing, AVIC Electric Testing, Riying Electronics, Silanwei, etc.
Core data of this article:Relevant national policies for smart sensor industry; Relevant policies of smart sensor industry in various provinces and cities
1, the policy process map
In recent years, emerging industries such as the Internet of Things and the mobile Internet have developed rapidly. As the basic core components of the next generation information technology industry, such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and industrial Internet, smart sensors are in a rapid development stage. The state has issued a series of policies to support the development of smart sensors, with the policy focus on accelerating the breakthrough and iterative application of basic theories, basic algorithms and equipment materials.
2. Summary and interpretation of national policies
-Summary of national smart sensor industry policies
-Interpretation of the development direction of smart sensor industry at the national level
In March, 2021, the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035 was officially released, which proposed to strengthen the research and development of key materials such as integrated circuit design tools, key equipment and high-purity targets, make breakthroughs in advanced integrated circuit technology and characteristic processes such as insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), upgrade advanced storage technology, and develop wide-band semiconductors such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride. In policy, the state supports the construction of a complete industrial chain of smart sensors, including key equipment and key materials in the upstream, encourages miniaturization of MEMS, and encourages the application of smart sensors in downstream industries, automobiles, consumer electronics, homes and other fields. The release of the “Fourteenth Five-Year Plan” policy is conducive to promoting the construction of related key projects and technological breakthroughs, promoting the collaborative innovation of industrial Industry-University-Research, and deepening industrial chain cooperation.
3. Summary and interpretation of policies at the provincial and municipal levels
—— Summary of smart sensor industry policies in 31 provinces and cities of China.
-31 provinces and cities intelligent sensor industry development goal interpretation
During the “Fourteenth Five-Year Plan” period, some provinces and cities put forward clear development goals for the smart sensor industry. For example, Shandong Province strives to achieve a revenue of 30 billion yuan from the main business of smart sensors by 2023. Seize the period of strategic opportunities in which the Internet of Things is developing rapidly, the smart sensor market is exploding and growing, and technological innovation is highly active, and make a number of leading enterprises in smart sensor design, manufacturing, packaging and testing and system integration bigger and stronger, and drive the formation of a 100 billion-level industrial scale. The details are as follows:
For more research and analysis of this industry, please refer to Prospective Industry Research Institute.China Smart Sensor Industry Market Prospect and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis ReportAt the same time, Forward-looking Industry Research Institute also provides industrial big data, industrial research, industrial planning, park planning, industrial investment promotion, industrial map, industrial chain consultation, technical consultation, IPO fundraising feasibility study, IPO business and technology writing, IPO working paper consultation and other solutions.
Manchester United are giving priority to bringing in a new striker in the summer transfer window, and Tottenham captain harry kane is one of the hot targets. Rachford has scored 26 goals this season, but Manchester United’s second striker, bruno fernandez, only scored 8 goals. The team has not scored 4 goals in a single game in the Premier League so far, and the scoring ability of the front line needs to be improved.
The British “Manchester Evening News” said that if possible, Tenghage would like to sign Kane most this summer. Tenghage said he would prefer to sign English players: “I want to sign English players, but I only have one criterion, which is the combination of strength and price.” English players are very expensive, which is an undeniable fact, but in the final analysis it depends on the level. 」
Kane had better hire a new agent if he wants to make a successful transfer. His previous agent was his brother Charlie Kane, who renewed his contract with Tottenham for six years in 2018. So far, the England captain has not won any trophies.
During his stay in Tottenham, Kane’s closest to the trophy was the 2019 Champions League final. He almost broke the drought under Pochettino, and then the champion coaches Mourinho and Kong Di failed to win the championship for Bai Baihe. Among them, Mu Shuai left school a week before the Carling Cup final. Daniel Levi, who lacks the spirit of winning the championship and wants to make money more, is the biggest problem for Tottenham Hotspur. Since he took office in 2000, the club has only won the Carling Cup once, and that was in 2008 when Manchester United won the Premier League and the Champions League.
Kane’s contract expires next year and he turns 30 in July this year. If he wants to break the championship shortage in his career, transfer is the only choice. There are only a handful of clubs that can afford Kane, and even fewer can afford and want him. Chelsea is one of them, but they are unlikely to qualify for the Champions League, so if Kane stays in the Premier League, Manchester United is probably the only choice.
If there is Bayern Munich in the Bundesliga in Europe, there is no direct substitute for lewandowski in Nantah. Bayern can almost guarantee Kane to win the league championship medal and hit the championship in the Champions League. For Tottenham Hotspur, selling Kane to overseas clubs will also be the most satisfactory result.
Levi rejected Chelsea’s offer for modric in 2011 and was sold to Real Madrid the following year. Gareth bale also went to the Bernabeu in 2013. At that time, Levi encouraged Ed Woodward of Manchester United to make a higher offer, simply to raise the price, because Bell told the club at least six months in advance that he decided to transfer to the Emperor.
Last time Manchester United signed from Tottenham Hotspur, he was also a center. Manchester United have never bought any players from Tottenham since the signing of Berbatov in 2008. Dealing with Levi is a kind of torture for the wily Sir Alex Ferguson, who described it as “more painful than my hip replacement”.
At that time, Tottenham Hotspur brought Manchester City, which had just been owned by Abu Dhabi oil financier, to accompany them. It was not until the summer window closed that the deal was officially announced, because Berbatov himself insisted on joining Manchester United. “Berbatov, when he saw Manchester City, he said fuck off! Manchester United fans later sang.
The only player Tottenham intends to sell to domestic competitors is kyle walker, who moved to Manchester City for 52 million pounds in 2017, setting a world record for the transfer fee of full-backs. However, three different Manchester United managers tried to poach Eriksson, and Mu Shuai wanted eric dier and Toby Alderweireld, but none of them came true.
Manchester United want Kane, even if his contract is about to enter the final year, it is still doomed to go through a more difficult process than buying Carrick in 2006 and signing Berbatov in 2009. Compared with selling to foreign clubs, Tottenham Hotspur will ask the Red Devils for a higher transfer fee, which is “Premier League tax” and “Manchester United tax”. Manchester City underestimated Levi two years ago, and finally had to admit defeat, completely giving up the introduction of Kane, preferring to wait another year and buy Ehrling Harland from Dortmund.
Kane scored 268 goals in 428 games for Tottenham Hotspur, including 20 goals this season. For the Red Devils, Kane is a good choice, a world-class striker, a prolific Premier League shooter, and he can retreat to pass the ball, and the fulcrum plays an obvious role.
After Tenghage came to Manchester United, all the players who helped him revive were players in their thirties, such as Eriksson, casemiro, 30, and Vallanet, 29. Manchester United have long given up the “cultural reset” standard of Ole Gunnar Solskjaer who once only bought players aged 23 to 27.
According to Kane’s style of play, there may still be four years of high level, and Manchester United hope to regain the Premier League title as soon as possible, just in the next two or three years. However, whether his play on the front line is the most suitable tactic for Tenghage may draw a question mark.
In contrast, Neapolitan’s Osmain is younger, more energetic, and not inefficient in the front line. The 24-year-old Nigerian striker has scored 21 goals in 25 games this season, and is expected to win the third Serie A title after the Diego Maradona era. Former Manchester United coach Jose Mourinho commented on him simply: “Top class. 」
Of course, buyers of Osmain should also be careful. Napoli boss Delaurentis is not a good man and a woman, and he has charged cavani and Higuain record transfer fees. The strikers are definitely not cheap. But bringing Osman from Naples is only a matter of money and football, which is much simpler than signing Kane from Tottenham.
The British “Sun” said that if Osman joins Manchester United, he will replace 27-year-old Marchal to wear the No.9.. But what if Tenghage’s first choice is Kane? This is not a problem! Before this season, Tenghage’s first-choice central defender was Timber, and his first choice for the lower back was Frankie De Jong. Manchester United didn’t buy either, but the “second choice” lisandro Martinez and casemiro are now the core members of the team.