分类： zudao

Interesting talk about ＂New Year’s Day＂： How to determine the dates of Spring Festival and New Year？

Beijing, January 1st (Reporter Shangguan Yun) Today is January 1st, and many countries call it New Year’s Day. It represents the beginning of a new year and is a cheerful festival in people’s minds.
Interestingly, in ancient China, "New Year’s Day" originally referred to the current Lunar New Year, and there were other names such as "Duanri" and "Yuanzheng". The determination of names and dates such as "Spring Festival", "New Year" and "New Year’s Day" has also gone through a long evolution process.
What is the meaning of the word "New Year’s Day" in ancient times?
Speaking of New Year’s Day, if interpreted literally, it can be understood as "the first day".
Data Map: On December 31, 2019, Chengdu Tianfu Square was decorated with various flowers to welcome the arrival of New Year’s Day in 2020. Zhang wave photo
The "yuan" of "New Year’s Day" means beginning and first, and the beginning of every number is called "yuan"; "Dan" is an pictograph, with the upper "Sun" representing the sun and the lower "One" representing the horizon. Together, it symbolizes that the sun rises from the horizon in Ran Ran and a new day begins.
Therefore, people combine the words "Yuan" and "Dan", which means the first day of the new year. It is said that New Year’s Day is also called "three yuan", that is, the yuan of the year, the yuan of the month and the yuan of the time.
One yuan initial, Vientiane update. In ancient times, New Year’s Day was highly valued. In the Jin Dynasty, there was a poet named Xin Lan who wrote a poem "Yuan Zheng": "Yuan Zheng opens the ceremony, and Jiaqing celebrates itself. Xian played for thousands of years, and Xiao Datong was happy. " It is the lively scene of New Year’s Day at that time.
When did the ancient "New Year’s Day" originate?
In fact, the "New Year’s Day" in ancient China is said to have originated in Zhuan Xu, one of the three emperors and five emperors, with a history of several thousand years. It is recorded in the Book of Jin: "Zhuan Di took the first month of Meng Xia as the yuan, which actually coincided with the Spring of New Year’s Day".
Although the meaning of "New Year’s Day" means the first day of the year has never changed, due to calendar reasons, the calculation method of the first day of the first month was not very unified before Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, and the months and days of New Year’s Day in previous dynasties were also inconsistent.
Data map. Photo by Meng Delong
For example, the Xia Dynasty in ancient times used the Xia calendar, which took Meng Xiyue (January) as the first month, but in Shang Dynasty, the Yin calendar used in Shang Dynasty took the twelfth month (December) as the first month, and the Zhou Dynasty’s weekly calendar took the winter month (November) as the first month.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he decided to take Yangchunyue (October) as the first month, that is to say, the "New Year’s Day" at this time became "the first day of October".
It was not until the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that the state of "changing and changing" basically ended: in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Deng Ping and others founded the "taichu calendar", redetermining Meng Xiyue (January) in the summer calendar as the first month, and calling the first day of Meng Xiyue (the first day of the first month in the summer calendar) New Year’s Day, which was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
The origin of the name "Spring Festival"
Time came to 1912, and in January of that year, Sun Yat-sen issued the Order of the Provisional President on Promulgating the Almanac, requiring the Ministry of Internal Affairs to compile a new almanac, and then stipulated that January 1st of the Gregorian calendar was "New Year’s Day", but it was not called "New Year’s Day".
As a result, there are two calendar systems in China: one is the official "solar calendar" as the time standard for public administration and international communication; One is the "lunar calendar" used in traditional society, which serves agricultural time and daily life.
Data Map: A desert bonfire party celebrating New Year’s Day was held in Yueyaquan Town, Dunhuang. Photo by Wang Binyin
In January 1914, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the then government put forward in a submission to the President: "It is proposed to designate New Year’s Day in the lunar calendar as the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival as the summer festival, Mid-Autumn Festival as the autumn festival, and Winter Solstice as the winter festival …" Later, only "New Year’s Day as the Spring Festival" was approved, so the traditional Chinese New Year was renamed as "Spring Festival" and the traditional name of "New Year’s Day" was put on January 1 of the Gregorian calendar.
However, Xiao Fang, a folklore expert, said that although the government at that time had been promoting the Gregorian calendar, it even forced people not to celebrate the old calendar and prohibit folk activities such as posting Spring Festival couplets, but the people did not buy it, and their daily lives continued according to the old calendar.
On September 27th, 1949, the first plenary session of the China People’s Political Consultative Conference passed the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) calendar adopts the AD calendar method", and the first day of the first lunar month is called the Spring Festival, and January 1st of the Gregorian calendar is designated as the New Year’s Day. At this point, "New Year’s Day" has become a festival celebrated by people, and the traditional annual festival has also received due attention.
What did you eat on New Year’s Day in ancient times?
"New Year’s Day in Four Seasons, Long Life in Early Spring" always brings people new expectations, and the ancient New Year’s Day court has a grand New Year’s greeting ceremony. In the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Zhi wrote a poem in Yuan Hui: "At first, Yuan You, in ancient times, was only good, and it was a good meeting, so I gave a banquet here."
Data Map: New Year’s Day activities were held in Kunming Jindian Scenic Area, the bell tower rang the bell for blessing in the New Year, and hundreds of children wrote Spring Festival couplets, camellia exhibitions and other activities to wish happiness and well-being in the new year. China News Service reporter Li Jinhong photo
There is a saying that similar activities such as celebrating ceremonies and praying for sacrifices in the past dynasties originated from the "wax sacrifice" in ancient society, which mainly sacrificed crops and harvested gods, such as the god of agriculture. In the era of low social productivity, people should thank the "gods" and ancestors for their protection at the beginning of the new year and pray for a good weather in the coming year.
At this time, the diet is also rich and colorful, which is clearly described in "Jingchu Age". For example, when New Year’s Day arrived, the worship of congratulations in Jingchu area was completed in the Southern Dynasties, followed by the introduction of pepper and cypress wine, peach soup, Tu Su wine, gum tooth jar and spiced dish. Apply it to powder, take the ghost pill, and eat an egg each …
Count carefully, including drinks, food and drugs, each with its own meaning. In ancient times, on New Year’s Day, people performed a set of customs step by step and were very busy.
Chen Xianzhang, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, mentioned in his New Year’s Day Trial Pen: "The neighboring wall whirls to entertain guests, and the children sing songs and enjoy the New Year’s poems." Like a "Happy New Year Picture", it depicts the scene of people celebrating the traditional New Year. (End)
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In the Anti-Japanese War, where was the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s role as a mainstay？

The victory of War of Resistance against Japan, the people of China, is the first great national liberation war in which China people won complete victory against foreign invasion for more than 100 years, and it is also a historical new starting point for the Chinese nation to rejuvenate.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) condensed the strength of the whole nation, and played a mainstay role in the Anti-Japanese War, which was the key to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
Appeal: Carry forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core.
From the September 18th Incident in 1931 to Japan’s unconditional surrender in 1945, the Communist Party of China (CPC) carried forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core in the arduous struggle for 14 years, and firmly believed that the final victory must belong to China.
The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s patriotic stance has never wavered in the face of the Japanese invaders’ rampant attack or the anti-communist friction of the Kuomintang die-hards. He insisted on the war of resistance against compromise, unity against separatism, progress against retrogression, and became a banner leading the whole nation in the war of resistance.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always fought in the forefront of the struggle for national independence and liberation. After the September 18th Incident broke out, the Communist Party of China (CPC) took the lead in raising the banner of the anti-Japanese struggle and called on the people of the whole country to "overthrow Japanese imperialism and all imperialism with a national revolutionary war" and strive for the independent liberation of the Chinese nation. At the same time, constantly organize the Northeast Anti-Union and other armed forces to invest in War of Resistance against Japan. After the "November 28th Incident" broke out, the Communist Party of China (CPC) put aside the past, issued a declaration, and offered to unite with all political factions and armed forces willing to resist Japan under three conditions.
When the situation in North China became increasingly tense, the Communist Party of China (CPC) issued the "August 1st Declaration", organized and led the "December 9th" anti-Japanese national salvation movement, the Chinese national liberation vanguard and other groups, and mobilized the people to wake up most widely. On the second day after the July 7th Incident broke out, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a declaration, calling on the people of the whole country to fight for saving the nation from peril, saying that communist party people are willing to work with the Kuomintang and compatriots all over the country to shed their last drop of blood to defend their homeland, oppose all vacillation, vacillation, compromise and concession, and carry out a resolute war of resistance. Subsequently, the Communist Party of China (CPC) emphasized in the Ten-Point Program for Resistance Against and National Salvation that "the Communist Party of China (CPC) people must combine patriotism with internationalism" and "fight to defend their motherland against aggressors".
In War of Resistance against Japan, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have become models in all fronts and work. In the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), Communist party member has the highest sacrifice ratio. Li Gongpu wrote in "Behind the Enemy Lines in North China": "party member accounts for only one third of the children’s corps, but communist party member accounts for six tenths of those who died in the battle." Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi, Ji Hongchang, Zuo Quan, Peng Xuefeng and other the Communist Party of China (CPC) people wrote magnificent chapters with their blood and lives, which were full of appeal and greatly improved the consciousness of the whole nation in the war of resistance.
Cohesion: Adhering to the All-round Anti-Japanese War Line
The all-round anti-Japanese war line put forward and adhered to by the Communist Party of China (CPC) pointed out the correct way to win the anti-Japanese war, fully rallied the strength of the whole nation and led the whole nation to victory step by step. The Communist Party of China (CPC) emphasized that "only when the whole nation carries out the war of resistance is our way out" and "the deepest source of the great power of war lies among the people". Mobilizing and organizing the people of China to make the war of resistance develop into a comprehensive national war of resistance, which is the key to win the victory of the war of resistance. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the most conscious leader of this people’s war.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always adhered to the all-round anti-Japanese war line. This line combines the resistance of the whole nation with the struggle for people’s democracy and the improvement of people’s lives, unites the opposition to foreign invasion with the promotion of social progress, and combines guerrilla warfare with regular warfare. After the Anti-Japanese War entered an arduous stalemate stage, the all-round anti-Japanese war line showed its significance more and more.
The anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines and democratic political power established and led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) implemented the policy of reducing rents and interest rates, which effectively solved the problem of farmers’ democracy and people’s livelihood, made the countryside the main battlefield of War of Resistance against Japan and made farmers the main force of War of Resistance against Japan. Farmers actively participate in peasant associations, national salvation associations, militia and other local armed organizations, and actively join the army to participate in the war.
In the areas behind the enemy lines, the situation of "there is no distinction between the north and the south, and there is no distinction between people, old and young" has really formed, and the situation of bravely defending the land against the Japanese War and being trapped in the sea of Wang Yang in the people’s war has condensed a powerful force for winning the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
Leadership: Holding High the Banner of Anti-Japanese National United Front
In War of Resistance against Japan, the anti-Japanese national united front based on the cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party has become the main way and effective form to unite and expand the anti-Japanese forces of the whole nation, which is the "only policy". In order to expand the anti-Japanese national United front, the Communist Party of China (CPC) determined and adhered to all the principles of obeying the anti-Japanese war, correctly handled the relationship between class contradictions and ethnic contradictions, implemented appropriate policies to adjust the relationship between various classes, safeguarded the foundation and key of the anti-Japanese national United front, and truly United the government, the army, all parties and the people of the whole country.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) is not only the initiator of the anti-Japanese national united front, but also a pillar, and has made various efforts for its establishment, consolidation and development. From the proposal of uniting all domestic forces to jointly resist the enemy under three conditions after the "November 28th Incident", to the establishment of the anti-Japanese national United front strategy at the Wayaobao meeting in 1935, and then to the peaceful settlement of the Xi ‘an Incident, which promoted the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. From the "July 7th Incident" when it broke out, it called for "all the people, government and army in China to unite and build a solid Great Wall of the national united front", and the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to go to the front line of uniting against the enemy.
Under the impetus of the Communist Party of China (CPC), based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, an anti-Japanese national united front composed of people of all ethnic groups, democratic parties, patriotic troops, patriots from all walks of life and overseas Chinese in China was formed and developed. This has opened up a new stage in China’s politics.
Since its establishment, the anti-Japanese national United front has experienced various tests inside and outside the Party and at home and abroad. The Communist Party of China (CPC) overcame the "Left" and right erroneous tendencies on the issue of the inner United front of the Party.
Of course, the most severe test facing the United front is the anti-communist friction from the Kuomintang die-hards. Struggle is the most important way to overcome the danger of surrender, strive for a better situation, consolidate cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and develop the United front.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) adhered to the struggle strategy of developing progressive forces, winning over the middle forces and isolating the die-hard forces, resolutely maintained, consolidated and developed the United front, persisted in independence and unity in the war of resistance, and adhered to the principle of rational, favorable and restrained struggle against the anti-communist friction of the die-hards, which not only safeguarded the overall situation of unity in the war of resistance, but also won the broad sympathy and support of the people of the whole country and the world.
The Communist Party of China (CPC) played a central leading role in the anti-Japanese national united front, making it a high-flying political banner. More and more people realize that the anti-Japanese national united front is the only way to save China, and it can only be established, consolidated and developed because of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Therefore, they support communist party’s struggle for anti-Japanese and democracy, join the democratic revolutionary united front led by communist party, listen to communist party’s opinions wholeheartedly and accept communist party’s leadership.
Self-confidence: adhere to the thought and strategy of protracted war
Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Communist Party of China (CPC) had foreseen that in order to defeat the enemy, it was necessary to prepare for a protracted war, and the final outcome would be resolved in a protracted war. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang invested a lot of troops in the frontal battlefield. After several battles, although it won locally, it generally lost ground and a large area of land fell. The theory of "quick victory" has gone bankrupt, and the theory of "national subjugation" is rampant. Many Chinese people are confused and can’t see hope.
In order to point out the future of War of Resistance against Japan more clearly and boost the confidence and determination of the military and civilians in the war of resistance, in May 1938, Mao Zedong published "On protracted war", which objectively analyzed the characteristics of both China and Japan, and pointed out that both "the theory of national subjugation" and "the theory of quick victory" were wrong, and the final victory must belong to China, but it must be won through a protracted war of resistance. The protracted war includes three stages: strategic defense, strategic stalemate and strategic counterattack. The stalemate stage "will be a very painful period for China", and "guerrilla warfare is the main form of our combat in this stage, supplemented by mobile warfare".
"On protracted war" became the guiding principle for the final victory of the Anti-Japanese War. It not only affected the anti-Japanese forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, but also affected the Kuomintang troops and the Kuomintang-controlled areas, including Chiang Kai-shek, Bai Chongxi, Fu Zuoyi and Wei Lihuang. The strategic thought of protracted war has greatly enhanced the confidence and determination of the people of China to win the war of resistance against Japan.
Combat effectiveness: adhere to the strategic policy of guerrilla warfare against Japan.
In War of Resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang is mainly engaged in direct regular warfare, while communist party is mainly engaged in guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, which needs, cooperates and assists each other. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the Communist Party of China (CPC) made it clear that guerrilla warfare was the basic thing in War of Resistance against Japan, but mobile warfare under favorable conditions was not relaxed, thus forming a strategic policy of "guerrilla warfare is the main thing, supplemented by mobile warfare", launching independent mountain guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines and establishing anti-Japanese base areas. The scale of this guerrilla war, in terms of its extensiveness and protracted nature, is unprecedented not only in the East, but also in the whole human history.
The development and persistence of guerrilla warfare is only possible under the leadership of communist party. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the Communist Party of China (CPC) raised guerrilla warfare to a strategic height, organized anti-Japanese armed forces, mobilized the masses to participate in the war of resistance, armed the people in guerrilla warfare, organized mass organizations, and established a number of base areas behind enemy lines on this basis, providing a rear strategic base for guerrilla warfare to survive and develop. Relying on the base areas behind enemy lines, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people and extensively carried out ambush warfare, sabotage warfare, mine warfare, tunnel warfare and sparrow warfare, which plunged the Japanese invaders into the sea of Wang Yang in the people’s war.
历史雄辩地证明，游击战争是抗日战争时期克敌制胜的重要法宝。中国共产党在游击战争中显示出超凡的战斗力，既打击了敌人，又壮大了自己。据统计，中国共产党领导抗日军民对敌作战12.5万次，消灭日伪军171.4万人；中国共产党空前发展，党员发展到120多万人，抗日民主根据地面积达近100万平方公里，人口近1亿人。
向心力：支撑起全民族救亡图存的希望
习近平总书记指出：在抗日战争中，“中国共产党人以自己的政治主张、坚定意志、模范行动，支撑起全民族救亡图存的希望，引领着夺取战争胜利的正确方向，成为夺取战争胜利的民族先锋”。
经过抗日战争，中国共产党在全国人民心中的威信得到极大提高。中国共产党领导下的敌后抗日根据地，建立起民主共和国的雏形，向世人展现了一个战胜日本帝国主义、建设新中国的光明前途。
Therefore, more and more people place their hopes on the Communist Party of China (CPC) to completely change the destiny of the Chinese nation. The senior officials of the Kuomintang also realized that "only communist party has the highest level, the greatest strength to resist foreign enemies and the sincerity to strive for democracy, and can best represent the hope of the nation".
Chen Jiageng, the leader of overseas Chinese in Nanyang, said with emotion when he visited Yan ‘an: He heard and witnessed all the facts, and saw that he was hardworking, honest, loyal and loyal to the public. He should take the benefit of the people and the country as the premise, and implement democratization, which will be popularized and implemented in the villages in the recovered areas, and work hard with the people to share the same enemy and lay the foundation for victory and reform. He thus asserted: "China has a savior, victory is guaranteed, and China’s hope lies in Yan ‘an!" After the Anti-Japanese War, this centripetal force became an important weight to determine the future and destiny of the Chinese nation.
Remembering history is to show the present and create the future. Why can the Communist Party of China (CPC), after more than 90 years of wind and rain, usher in the bright future of realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation? There is only one answer: it can unite the strength of the whole nation.
This article comes from Beijing Daily on August 24th, 2015, and its original title is "China’s Hope is in Yan ‘an"-the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Role as a Pillar from the Source of Strength.
Source: Beijing Daily Theory Weekly
Author: Wang Yuqiang (The author is a researcher at the Central Party History and Literature Research Institute)
Editor: Fan Xuan
Process Editor: Sun Yujie
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How can anyone in this world not love Ryuichi Sakamoto？

The professor said that China fans can donate money to build a music classroom, which is a very happy gift for him. /douban
"My music is an island, and the world is an infinite ocean."
"If this is the only purpose, just to comfort and touch the victims, music and art will stop here."
In September 2019, the Japanese magazine ほぅてらす (Legal Platform) published an exclusive interview about Ryuichi Sakamoto. Among them, "What can music and art do for disasters?" His answer to this question caused a lot of discussion at that time.
Shortly after the disaster, there was no food, water and electricity, people were displaced, but musicians brought music in a big way, which was completely out of place in Ryuichi Sakamoto’s eyes.
Even since 2014, Ryuichi Sakamoto has been touring the country with the Northeast Youth Orchestra (TYO) composed of children from the counties affected by the 311 earthquake in Tokyo. "The power of music" is still his most annoying statement."It is a very foolish and shameful thing to make music with the illusory idea of transmitting strength and healing others."
TYO was evaluated by Japanese media as "passing on the courage and touch of crossing the disaster to the children and adults in the disaster-stricken areas through powerful and beautiful music". /@ Ryuichi Sakamoto Information CN
In this way, Ryuichi Sakamoto, who was labeled as "anti-disaster music" by the public, brought two performances to the people of China who were deeply affected by the epidemic in February, 2020.
On February 29th, one of the most memorable events in this once-in-four-year period must be the special performance brought by Ryuichi Sakamoto at UCCA’s "Good Music in Aauto Quicker" concert.
Stones, broken tiles, porcelain bowls, alms bowls, bows, cymbals from Wuhan, China, and Malimba mallets made of recycled medical rubber, and then connected with impromptu piano and electric guitar performance, became a complicated and mysterious music universe full of collisions.
"Made in China"
On February 22nd, a week ago, he also played Aqua for the parents and children of China in the epidemic, and encouraged the older children and children who can’t go out with a gentle piano to do fun at home.
Aqua in Latin means the form of water, which can be running water, raindrops, the ocean and the source of life. This piece of music specially selected by Ryuichi Sakamoto comes from his most famous piano solo album BTTB.Back To The Basic, return to the original.
"Speaking of what music and art can do for disasters, compared with sending food and donations, I think the highest level that can be done should bedeepThink about the meaning of disaster and use your own work tableCome out. "
Let’s work hard together to tide over the difficulties.
This is Ryuichi Sakamoto’s "mountains and rivers are exotic, and the moon is in the same sky".
Mr Lawrence and the Last Emperor
For a long time, Ryuichi Sakamoto didn’t like Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence.
"It’s too high-profile."Wherever he goes, he will be asked to play this piece. Ryuichi Sakamoto, who wants to remain an invisible man, hates his high popularity.
Yellow Magic Orchestra, a band formed by Ryuichi Sakamoto when he was young, became popular all over the world at an alarming rate in the late 1970s. "After the release of Y.M.O’ s second album" SOLID STATE SURVIVOR ",it suddenly became a fire. Overnight, I can’t walk in the street because everyone will point to me and call me Sakamoto Sakamoto. "
Ryuichi Sakamoto was called a "professor" because Gao Qiao of Y.M.O said to him, "You are a graduate student of Tokyo University of the Arts. I will call you a professor in the future."
Because he hated being recognized in the street, he couldn’t accept this change. Ryuichi Sakamoto simply stayed at home for 10 months, just didn’t want to be disturbed.
So Y.M.O became a flash in the pan, and it took only five years from the fire to the dissolution, just because Ryuichi Sakamoto couldn’t stand the band’s popularity.
Merry Christmas, Mr Lawrence, which is widely circulated, is just a good piece of music in Ryuichi Sakamoto’s eyes, but it is not so good as a movie soundtrack.
The soundtrack of this unlovable film comes from Nagisa ?shima’s anti-war film Merry Christmas on the Battlefield. In this film, Ryuichi Sakamoto made music for the film for the first time and became an actor for the first time.
"It seems that the death of Cyrus planted a seed in the heart of the wild well, and we shared the growth of the seed together."
Ryuichi Sakamoto’s oral autobiography "Music Makes People Free" mentioned his excitement when he received a call from Nagisa ?shima. As a veteran movie fan who has seen almost all the other’s works, when Nagisa ?shima offered to participate in the show,What Ryuichi Sakamoto blurted out was not "good", but "please let me do the music".
Nagisa ?shima, who was "very enterprising", readily agreed and gave him an unprecedented exception, allowing him to spend three months creating the music to his heart’s content.
After filming, Ryuichi Sakamoto, who still didn’t know anything about the soundtrack, listened to a friend’s suggestion and bought a video of "Milestone in Film History" and "Citizen Kane" to watch, and finally gained some experience. "The answer is very simple. It is probably where the image tension is insufficient. It is not mysterious to join the soundtrack."
Work photos of "Merry Christmas on the Battlefield"
Especially after discussing with Nagisa ?shima, I found that the two sides had quite the same opinion on where to add the soundtrack, which made Ryuichi Sakamoto’s self-confidence "swell to the extreme" and felt that the soundtrack of the movie was just so much.
Interestingly, Nagisa ?shima had actually invited david bowie, another star of the film, to create a soundtrack for the film before, but Bao Ye refused: "I just want to concentrate on my performance this time."
This wonderful butterfly effect opened the way for Ryuichi Sakamoto’s film soundtrack. Just like the stunning kiss between David’s captured Jack and Sakamoto’s Japanese officer, the film also planted seeds in his heart.
No matter in or out of the play, the friendship between the professor and Bao Ye at that time still excited countless people.
At the Cannes Film Festival in 1983, Merry Christmas on the Battlefield was selected as a competition film. At the banquet, Nagisa ?shima introduced Ryuichi Sakamoto to bernardo bertolucci. After a few pleasantries, Bertolucci dragged the young man to talk for a long time about his new film "The Last Emperor".
So three years later, Ryuichi Sakamoto came to Beijing to film The Last Emperor. This masterpiece, which swept the major film awards, even brought Ryuichi Sakamoto the first Oscar statuette in his life.
A piano that is out of tune has created 48 soundtracks in just two weeks. In those days, Ryuichi Sakamoto really had the capital of being young and frivolous.
Even after winning the Oscar, Bertolucci’s crazy deletion of the film soundtrack still made Ryuichi Sakamoto angry.
When Ryuichi Sakamoto joined The Last Emperor, the crew had been shooting for three months, and everyone was very involved. When we first met, John Lone, who played Puyi, said seriously to Ryuichi Sakamoto, who was fooling around."You are the black hand behind the scenes sent by Japan, and you are my enemy. I won’t talk to you until the film is finished."
Ryuichi Sakamoto only felt that this person was puzzling and didn’t take it to heart. It was not until he couldn’t get the director’s approval in a major event that he began to think a lot and take it seriously.
Unlike Nagisa ?shima, who dotes on him, Bertolucci’s film world has only one purpose-everything serves the film. Roaring directors, tight time constraints and lack of strict requirements for creative freedom have broadened the music world of Ryuichi Sakamoto.
"I don’t need it anymore!" /"The Last Emperor" screenshot
In the scene where the imperial concubine Wenxiu left Puyi, Wenxiu refused the umbrella handed by the housekeeper and ran away in the rain."I don’t need it anymore", the music started.When the Italian staff first heard Rain, everyone hugged each other and couldn’t help shouting "bellissimo (beautiful), bellissimo!"
"If the soundtrack can connect the movie into the memory in the audience’s consciousness, it is an ideal state." Music that can retain memory is Ryuichi Sakamoto’s understanding of film soundtrack.
"Good evening, I’m Ryuichi Sakamoto. Everyone is very cold. If you feel cold, it doesn’t matter if you stand up and run at will. Please listen to this performance easily."
Ryuichi Sakamoto found the calendar when he visited a building in Fukushima, and the time was fixed on March 11th.
After the 311 earthquake in Japan, Ryuichi Sakamoto went to the hardest hit area to bring a performance to the local victims. In this performance, he played Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence again.
Many people at the scene said,After such a long time, they can finally have a real sleep.After suffering, it is enough to bring a good sleep. Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence.
Don’t forget to look at the moon every day
"How many times can you see the full moon in your life? There may be twenty times, but at the moment everything seems to have no end. "
Among the new album Async released in 2017, full moon is Ryuichi Sakamoto’s favorite song. In this piece, Ryuichi Sakamoto repeated a line from the film "The Covered Sky" which he once participated in, superimposed and repeated in 11 languages.
How many times can we look up at the moon in our life? /Screenshot of "Covered Sky"
Because we don’t know when we will die, we often regard life as an inexhaustible well.
When Async was released, Ryuichi Sakamoto was interviewed by NHK TV and asked how he wanted to burn it out. He thought for a moment and replied, "there is a strong idea, that is."Don’t lie to yourself, want to make real music, live truly, and don’t forget to look at the moon every day. "
Since suffering from throat cancer in 2014, Ryuichi Sakamoto, a workaholic who has never stopped working in her twenties, got a rest for the first time.
"Be sure to pay attention to oral hygiene, although my back teeth may have rotted away." /Screenshot of "Sakamoto Ryuichi: Finale"
"Although I eat organic food, I usually pay attention to it, but I will still get sick when I am sick." Ryuichi Sakamoto, who never thought that cancer would happen to her, was shocked and depressed and chose to accept it. "Absolutely can put an end to cancer lifestyle or something, there is definitelyno..When you have cancer, you can only get used to it. This is life. "
Repeatedly low-grade fever, dysphagia, because the secretion of sick saliva is only half of that before, I often wake up several times in the middle of the night to drink water. In addition to talking to people, he often chews gum when he is alone, in order to promote saliva secretion.
During the long and arduous process of receiving treatment, Ryuichi Sakamoto was in a state of being unable to listen to any music, until after the treatment, he heard the singing of Cuban national treasure female singer Omara Portuondo for the first time.
That "Rabo de nube" made him cry, as if suddenly his heart was broken by a powerful hand. "At that time, I felt that the power of music was sometimes really great."
The last time I felt the greatness of music, I probably went back to 2001. When the September 11th incident happened that year, Ryuichi Sakamoto lived in a place where he could see the Twin Towers when he opened the window. It was the first time that he faced the disaster so closely.
Seven days later, people gathered in the square to pray for the victims, and young people sang "Yesterday". Ryuichi Sakamoto realized that,It turns out that he hasn’t heard music for seven days.
"When disaster comes, there is nothing we can do. But after the disaster, we should respond instead of silence. "
Why can a bird fly casually? /Screenshot of "Sakamoto Ryuichi: Finale"
Why is our world so violent? This made Ryuichi Sakamoto want to explore the origin of life.
So, in February 2002, Ryuichi Sakamoto went to Kenya in Africa. By the river where people lived, he was born."Only love can overcome hate."The idea. In 2008, he went to the North Pole again and realized."I will die at any time."Small.
After the 2011 earthquake, after visiting Fukushima, Ryuichi Sakamoto was determined to carry out the "anti-nuclear" to the end. In 2012, he co-sponsored the NO NUKES (Abolishing Nuclear Power) Music Festival with many Japanese celebrities. Until last year, it has been held for 8 consecutive sessions.
In 2020, the NO NUKES Music Festival will be stopped once. "It’s always the same artists and guests. I have felt this dilemma in recent times. If this continues, I am afraid that the scope of influence will not become bigger." Recently, Ryuichi Sakamoto told Music Hiking magazine that,stopDo it to prepare for new changes.
The professor gave a speech at the anti-nuclear rally.
Next year will be the 10th anniversary of the March 11th earthquake in Japan, and the music festival will start again in 2021. This time, they communicated with more people, led by young people, hoping to turn it into a framework that can solve many problems.
As he said in Sakamoto Ryuichi: The Finale, the sound of the piano is not continuous, but will gradually weaken and disappear. And what he wants to find is the constant, timeless music in his heart.
"Music, work and life have a starting point and an end point.What I want to create now is music that gets rid of the time limit."What Ryuichi Sakamoto wants to do is music that people will listen to 100 years later, which is music that needs peace.
Please don’t forget to look at the moon every day. /Screenshot of "700 Days of Sakamoto Ryuichi"
My music is an island.
And the world is an infinite ocean.
In the scene of "The Finale", Ryuichi Sakamoto squatted on the ice sheet in the Arctic Circle and carefully hung the recording equipment with a rope to sink, so as to record the sound of running water under the glacier crack. "I’m fishing for the sound," he said with a smile.
He is listening to the heartbeat of the world.
Because there are no humans, the professor thinks that the sound of running water in the Arctic Circle is the purest sound in the world. /Screenshot of "Sakamoto Ryuichi: Finale"
In other scenes of the documentary, Ryuichi Sakamoto often collects sounds: in order to listen to the sound of rain falling, he puts a bucket on his head and walks into the rain; Going to the forest, he knocked with a small stick and listened to the vibration of the wind passing through the forest; Back home, he began to work by playing the recorded natural sounds.
"Every time it rains, I open the window and put the recorder out." Ryuichi Sakamoto will knock on what he sees anywhere and know their sounds. In Barcelona, a patrol car whistled past, and he quickly took out his mobile phone recording, happy that he didn’t miss the sound.
Everything is music.This statement from American composer John Cage is very popular with Ryuichi Sakamoto. Nature’s voice mingles with artificial musical instruments, which is the natural music he pursues.
Everything is music. /Screenshot of "Sakamoto Ryuichi: Finale"
When Ryuichi Sakamoto was traveling in Bali in 1980s, he saw the local people tying a pigeon whistle on its feet. When it was released, the pigeon whistle made a distant and near sound, which was mixed with the long wind and the sound of the forest, which made him unforgettable.
Therefore, when he was the director of Sapporo Art Festival in 2014, the opening ceremony designed by Ryuichi Sakamoto did not play music, but let a group of pigeons with pigeon whistle fly.
The beginning of "disintegration" in "Async" is a slightly strange piano sound out of tune. And this piano sound comes from a piano that "miraculously survived" from the tsunami.
"The sea slams the piano, which is inaccurate for human beings. But in essence, they just restored the original state in nature. " Ryuichi Sakamoto believes that,The piano is only tuned naturally, and he thinks it is particularly beautiful.
"You should be good." /Screenshot of "Sakamoto Ryuichi: Finale"
Ryuichi Sakamoto, who has been fond of Natsume Soseki since middle school, has a complete set of his works at home. Natsume Soseki’s seemingly casual natural scenery always gives him inspiration and aftertaste.
"I went to pick up the pieces of stardust that fell to the ground and gently put them on the soil. The star is round, perhaps in the long process of falling, and the edges and corners are gradually worn away.But when I picked up the film, I felt a little warmth on my chest and hands. "
Ryuichi Sakamoto, who collects nature, is like the boy in Natsume Soseki’s Dream of Ten Nights. His voice is the warm fragments of stardust left by nature.
He feels the world in nature and then gives back to it. And the meaning of the documentary Coda,It is the end, living to death, and the next beginning.
The finale is also the beginning. /Screenshot of "Sakamoto Ryuichi: Finale"
In Thirteen Invitations, Ryuichi Sakamoto fiddled with a guitar and said that he would play it like this when he was happy.
"I adjusted the tone is wrong, completely wrong.But I just like the wrong tone. "
Just like he liked the piano that survived the tsunami, like in 2018, he played an tuneless instrument in an underground bar in Beijing.
What he likes is the process of returning to nature after suffering.
Author | Wang Zhongzhong
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Deng Chao’s new film was released one day and then withdrawn! The embarrassment of China Ping Pong has exposed many problems.

The official micro-release of "China Table Tennis Fight Back" said that the film will be adjusted to a small-scale screening from January 25th/Lunar New Year’s Day, and will resume normal screening on February 17th. The film was released on January 24 this year (the third day of the New Year’s Eve) and ended on the 25th, with a box office of 40.36 million yuan in two days.

This kind of operation, for ordinary people, is really an eye-opener. After seeing a movie for the first time for half a day, I quickly saw that the situation was wrong and hurriedly withdrew the file.

When Guanbo announced the news on Weibo, the wording was very ambiguous and vague, which sounded grandiose, as if to say that there was something wrong with his announcement. But the truth was revealed by some netizens because many cinemas didn’t give China Ping-Pong a chance to be screened at midnight in the underworld, so there was no good screening time, and naturally no one bought a ticket. Seeing that the box office trend is likely to fail to recover the cost, the film side quickly retreated when it saw a bad opportunity.

As soon as the box office was in a mess, he avoided the limelight first, which caused a lot of noise. For a while, the attention of this film was unprecedented. As a matter of fact, before the film was released, because of its embarrassment in these aspects, there have been quite a few tossing, and the subsequent operation has exposed many problems.

The first embarrassment is the embarrassment of its subject matter.

Sports theme is actually a necessary evergreen topic in the film genre. It is reasonable to say that it is not an unpopular and niche thing. But the problem is, it’s about ping pong, the sports strength of China people.

Looking back on the wonderful table tennis matches in China, there can be 180 games a year, and the film is incapable of recreating the wonderful moments of the real table tennis match. Take these young actors who are used in movies as an example. They usually shoot idol dramas with poor attitude, lack of professionalism and insufficient acting skills, not to mention watching them play serious table tennis players in movies. Just a little, it is a big problem to see if their table tennis posture can meet the standard.

Compared with Leap, who told you the story of China volleyball before, the story of China women’s volleyball team has its ups and downs, which is strong enough in itself. It is not as difficult to shoot as China’s table tennis, and it still has not achieved good box office results and word of mouth, not to mention China Table Tennis.

Furthermore, you can finish the film in one sentence, practice the Jedi counterattack hard when you encounter a trough, and finally climb the peak. Everyone is happy and applauding. It seems that it is also a very old-fashioned shooting technique, and it is difficult to be innovative.

The second embarrassment is the director’s embarrassment.

On the eve of the release of China Ping Pong, People’s Daily interviewed two directors, Deng Chao and Yu Baimei. The content of the interview, left is just that set of fixed words, about the original intention of shooting this film, how difficult it is for them to film, and what kind of effect will they show in the end.

However, in the face of this topic, many netizens’ attitudes throughout their lives are: Deng Chao and Yu Baimei are true love, while Sun Li is an accident.

This sentence is actually a little malicious ridicule. Deng Chao and Yu Baimei tied together and brought a lot of junk movies. Even if the film was well arranged, people wouldn’t go to the cinema to watch them at the first time. This is really because the PTSD they gave everyone was too deep. Take a look at the famous bad movies in China’s film history, and the inevitable "Villain Angel" is brought to you by two people. Besides, two people are rotten and don’t know it. I always feel that other people don’t understand the two of them. It seems that the whole audience in China owes them, and they jump up and down when the box office is a little bad. All talk is socialism, but all business is in my heart.

The third embarrassment is the embarrassing schedule.

At first, it was New Year’s Day, and then it was changed to New Year’s Day. This time, it simply withdrew from the Spring Festival file and was rescheduled for February 17.

In order to avoid the two blockbusters "Wandering Earth 2" and "Man Jiang Hong" and prevent them from dying miserably in the fight between the boss and the second child, they chose another schedule. But it’s still the same sentence: if you can hide from the first grade, can you hide from the fifteenth? Later, Marvel Comics returned to the palace, Black Panther on February 7, Ant Man 3 on February 17, and When the Wind Comes Again (actors include Aaron Kwok, Tony Leung Chiu Wai, Du Fu, Tan Yaowen and Ng Cheuk Hai) on February 24. It is said that Titanic will be released again on Valentine’s Day. In case the situation is not good again, the two films "Wandering Earth 2" and "Man Jiang Hong" will be postponed for more than a month, and it will still have to face these opponents. In addition, looking back, how many films were good when they ran away from the enemy?

Douban gave the film seven points, almost average, neither up nor down, neither good nor bad, and left the film with an embarrassment.

What fashion style was popular in the Tang Dynasty？

Beijing Evening News Wuse Tu | Author He Shu

The annual International Women’s Day has just passed, and "women hold up half the sky". The creation, development and myriad weather of this world are absolutely inseparable from the hard work of hundreds of millions of women throughout the ages. Similarly, the "fashion" that affects human life cannot be separated from the promotion and struggle of women.

When it comes to fashion, the first reaction of public cognition will think that this is a cultural phenomenon after the industrial revolution gave birth to the consumer society. However, in a broad sense, the fashion trend in the pre-modern society is also colorful. For example, the Tang Dynasty, which has an important position in the history of China and the history of world civilization, has an unprecedented pursuit of fashion. The book "tang style Brushing the Threshold" recently published by Social Science Literature Publishing House and written by Chinese scholar Chen Buyun focuses on the 300 years of fashion in the Tang Dynasty.

Chen Buyun Social Science Literature Publishing House, tang style.

The ban on luxury can’t ban the love of beauty.

"Fashion is the center of people’s life in the Tang Dynasty, because this dynasty placed fabrics at the center of the economic and moral value structure. Elite men and women subvert the dress code to obtain gorgeous silk and fashionable designs. The changes in economic and social structure have triggered a new sense of time, a The Imitation Game, and a change in production methods, which are the pioneers of the formation of modern fashion systems. " A passage on the cover of tang style’s Whistling Threshold succinctly summarizes the main idea of this book, that is, to find the origin of fashion outside the mainstream western discourse system and to dig out the inextricably linked relationship with today. As Valerie Steele, director of the Museum of new york Fashion Institute, commented: "Is fashion a Western phenomenon related to the rise of European capitalism? This has been the argument for many years. In Chen Buyun’s works, it shows the existence of a prosperous fashion culture in the Tang Dynasty in China. "

The title of the translated version of the book abandoned the original Imperial Style, and the title of "tang style blows the sill" was taken from the great poet Li Bai’s "Qingpingdiao I", with three poems, which praised Yang Guifei’s beauty at the order of Tang Minghuang. "Clouds want clothes and flowers, and the spring breeze blows the sill, and it is full of exuberance. If it weren’t for the head of Yushan Mountain, it would meet Yaotai under the moon. " Although there are many high songs of "Who are we from Artemisia?", there are also many works of "destroying the eyebrows and bending the waist" in the early years. Although it is a propositional composition, this poem is also magnificent in imagination, and it has done a great job of Yang Guifei’s national beauty.

Female figurines riding horses with veils.

The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty describes Yang Guifei’s "gorgeous posture". Wu Hong, an art historian, also insisted: "It is said that the fashion of shaping fat women is largely due to Yang Guifei’s well-known fullness. Although this statement is doubtful, because such a character image appeared in the early 8th century, even before that, Yang Guifei did embody the essence of this image and marked its climax. Because she not only dominated the upper class in Chang’ an, but also dominated the fantasy of contemporary men. " The richness wrapped under the precious and gorgeous silk became the weather vane of that era. At first glance, this is a lively romantic story, but there is a complicated change process behind it.

Cloth represented by silk is not only the main carrier of the tax system, but also the substitute of money in some specific years because of the encouragement of the government, which can be circulated in the market. The clothes processed by them show the power level and social status.

Mr. Shen Congwen once concluded in the study of ancient Chinese costumes: "feudal rulers have always regarded clothing as a symbol of class, that is, the rulers are also hierarchical and should not be confused." Therefore, every time the dynasty changes, it will be rescheduled as usual. "

As soon as the Tang Dynasty was founded, the society was divided into three social classes, namely, the privileged class dominated by royal relatives and officials, the free civilians and hereditary servant families, the private servants and the untouchables composed of slaves, and the clothing of different classes had tireless detailed regulations-the emperor had 14 sets of clothes for different occasions, 6 sets of princes and 3 sets of empresses, and the royal family and officials and their families were divided into nine categories. At the same time, "women are allowed to wear low-grade clothes, but they are strictly forbidden to wear clothes higher than their own grades." This restriction helps to consolidate the connection between privilege and status and ensure the status of high-grade people. Like color and chroma, silk fabrics are also strictly regulated. Those more complicated and luxurious patterns and weaves can only be used by the highest-ranking women in the imperial court. " Since then, throughout the Tang Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties have made further detailed provisions on this.

Tri-colored women pottery figurines in clothes

The rules formulated by the royal family are also violated by members of the royal family first, and the starting point is the pursuit of fashion. This is the case with Princess Anle’s hundred birds skirt. According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, this gorgeous dress is "one color in the face, one color in the side, one color in Japan and China, and one color in the shadow, and all kinds of birds can be seen", which has led to a strong follow-up. "The self-made wool skirt is more effective for the rich, and the feathers of exotic birds and animals in the rivers and mountains are exhausted." Note that a major feature of fashion is imitation. Through imitation, we can gain a sense of psychological identity beyond identity and social status. In the later generations, although there are more complete means of prohibition and punishment, if the dress does not conform to the grade, it will be punished by forty slaps.

In 714, after Xuanzong succeeded to the throne, there were three orders to ban luxury, namely, Forbidden Jade and Splendid Jade, Forbidden Jade and Splendid Jade, and forbidden luxury in 726. Each ban was severely worded, not only the gold and silver ornaments on the clothes were melted and cast to supplement the military expenditure, but also the jade and pearls were required to be burned, which was explicitly stated. In hindsight, this is more like a performance art for the world. Li Shu, a royal woman who died in 736, also revealed the invalidity of the luxury ban to later generations.

Following Chen Buyun’s brush strokes, we can see that "the funerary objects in Li Shu’s tomb contain various forms of gold ornaments, such as woven gold silk clothes, gold-framed flower buds, gold-plated bronze hair clips, and some gold threads. Pearls, turquoise, mother-of-pearl, precious stones and amethyst are also fixed and embedded in the golden crowns. The belt part is made of pearls, and the gold frame is decorated with flowers. " Li Shu is neither a princess nor a husband, but he is just a small official with seven products. These are obviously over-the-top funerary objects. Reminiscent of the extravagance of Yang Guifei’s family "with a mass of golden peacocks and silver unicorns … are blue leaves of delicate kingfisher feathers", the so-called luxury ban is more formal.

From Daizong to Dezong to Wenzong, there were various bans. During the years of Wenzong, except for the production of luxury silk, it was even stipulated that "new samples" were not allowed. In order to implement the regulations, he also ordered Wang Ya, the minister, to revise the clothing system and re-implement the regulations on determining the color and type of clothing by grade. "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet" said that Sima Bai Juyi with eight products was wearing blue clothes. However, Princess Yan ‘an, the sister of Wenzong, wore a large and luxurious silk dress when she enjoyed the lantern at midnight snack in 839, which annoyed Emperor Wenzong and made this rule fail again.

The game of ideas

In addition to decrees, there are also prevailing social concepts that hinder fashion.

The opening up of the Tang Dynasty surpassed previous dynasties, and the management of the western regions not only exported silk, porcelain and culture, but also imported all kinds of articles and habits. The most obvious thing is the prevalence of Hu clothes, and the Tang people’s fascination with Hu clothes is related to horse riding outings, polo competitions and the popularity of music, dance and articles in the western regions, which are all indulged by the court. Hu Fu was popular for centuries, and it reached its peak in Xuanzong’s reign. "All the riders from the imperial palace are wearing Hu Mao, and they show up with beautiful makeup, and there is no complex barrier. The scholar’s house has followed suit. "

Painted Hu fu female figurines

The popularity of Hu fu has not only shaken the prohibition of luxury, but also blurred the gender differences and disrupted the social class, so that the editors of Old Tang Shu bitterly denounced, "Too often, people are happy to admire Hu qu, nobles are eager to eat Hu, and scholars and women are all dressed in Hu fu, so there is Fan Yang’s rebellion against Hu, which bodes well for the future." In their view, this disordered fashion was the chief culprit that caused the Anshi Rebellion to almost destroy the dynasty’s rule, and put the pursuit of fashion by human nature under the moral stick, adding a painful whip. Absolute beauty’s prosperous Tang Dynasty finally declined, and later generations can only get a glimpse from poetry and archaeology. Fortunately, time will wash away everything. Today, when we appreciate and admire the splendor and exquisiteness of ancient fashion through historical remains, how many people can think of those ridiculous bans?

Although the fashion in the Tang Dynasty changed a lot, the working people at the bottom did not enjoy it at all. Heavy taxes and heavy labor overdrawn their energy and enthusiasm, and strict decrees made them have to wear natural linen. Only in the new era when people fully enjoy material wealth can people enjoy the beauty brought by fashion, even in the wholesale market, they can find a dress of the latest style and participate in "fashion" in a cheap and good way. (Editor: Li Zhengrong)

Qian Mu： What is culture？

First of all, we have to ask what is culture?

Generally speaking, people who talk about culture think that culture is life, but this so-called "life" does not refer to our personal life, but to the "group" life. Life is multi-faceted. A society, even a nation and a large group of people have many aspects of life, which is called life, that is, culture.

The word "culture" is translated from English. In the west, with a new concept, a new term will be created. Before this noun, it can be proved that they have no such idea.

The word "culture" translated by us is "Civilization" in English. This word is changed from Greek, which means that it is close to city life and can spread to each other, so its meaning is inevitably biased towards "material". For example, electric lights do not exist all over the world at the same time. They must start in one place and then spread to another. This is Civilization.

Britain is the country with the earliest material civilization in modern times. There are ships, trains and textile machines, one new thing after another, which affects the life of human beings in the world. They are extremely proud of creating this new term.

But at that time, the Germans were not satisfied with this word, because the modern material life in Germany was relatively new, and most of them came from the outside. The Germans were not satisfied with this word, so they coined a new word called Culture. This word is also changed from Greek, and it refers to farming close to the field, which has its own life and growth like all plants. This means that all people’s life and culture, mainly from the outside, grow from their own inside and have their own lives.

These two words spread to China, and we translated the word Civilization into "civilization" and the word Culture into "culture". These two words can also be used universally. Sometimes it is said that Civilization is Culture culture, and there is no need to subdivide it. But if broken down, it is more meaningful.

The words "civilization" and "culture" that we use to translate have their own sources in China’s ancient classics. The Yi Jing Ben Gua’s haiku says:

Rigid and flexible, astronomy also. Civilization stops, so does humanity. Look at astronomy to observe the changes of time, and look at humanity to turn into the world.

"Little Dai Li Yue Ji Pian" also says:

Deep and civilized.

It can be seen that the three words "culture", "civilization" and "humanity" originated from China’s ancient classics, but they are just in line with the translation of new ideas in modern western countries.

Now let’s talk about how China people talk about "humanity". Shuowen said:

Articles with mixed descriptions of phases.

The word "Wen" is just like the modern vernacular saying "pattern". There are different patterns in life. If there are men and women, this is a big trick for heaven and earth to make people. Another example is the elderly and young people, which is another trick in life. Heaven and earth gave birth to people, only one person was born, but people turned into a world from all kinds of tricks.

"The world" is the biggest group in life. Life groups are not born, but are transformed by people themselves. Such as "family" and "country" and "world", which are all formed by human culture. It is natural to be born with men and women. But from men and women to husband and wife, this is humanity and culture.

Heaven and earth only gave birth to men and women, not to couples. Animals and plants are male and female, there are men and women, but there are no couples. Men are rigid and women are flexible, so they say, "rigidity and softness are intertwined, and astronomy is also." This is a natural pattern, a natural pattern. According to this natural pattern, human beings have turned into couples, from couples to families, and then expanded into countries and the world. These are not nature, but humanity.

But humanistic studies perform from nature. Without men and women, how can there be a couple? I think the ancients in China created the word "humanity" and "culture" with a set of profound ideas.

As for the word "civilization", as the ancients in China said, it means that those tricks should make it obvious. If the difference between men and women is obvious and can stop at that obvious pattern, nothing is better than creating a marriage system, which is civilization. Therefore, civilization is humanity.

"Little Dai Li" said: "Love is deep and civilized", which means that the relationship between men and women is more obvious. In a savage, dark and uncivilized society, there can be no couple, but the relationship between husband and wife is not obvious, and they can’t stop in their relationship just because they don’t love each other deeply. These are the ideas of ancient people in China, which have been around for more than two thousand years.

We can say that the west has westerners’ ideas, that is, their ideas and opinions. China has the ideas, thoughts and opinions of China people. From these concepts, the differences in ideas and views gradually formed into the differences between eastern and western cultures.

The concept of "Culture" mentioned just now is a new concept in the modern west, because the word culture is a new word in the modern west. It can also be said that in the past, Westerners only knew politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy, law, religion, art, literature, philosophy and so on, but there was no all-encompassing term for the life of large groups of human beings, such as "culture", that is, there was no such concept. Only in modern times did western talents begin to have the concept of culture.

In the last hundred years, almost everyone likes to speak the word culture. However, in ancient China, the concept of this culture had existed for a long time, that is, it was beyond politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy, law, religion, art, literature and philosophy, and had an all-encompassing concept for the life of large groups of human beings.

Selected from Twelve Lectures on Chinese Culture, by Mr. Qian Mu, Kyushu Publishing House.

Table tennis World Cup： The latest standings are released! The No.2 seed was badly defeated, and China, Japan and South Korea led the top 8.

On the evening of December 6th, Beijing time, the Chengdu Table Tennis Mixed Team World Cup ended the first day of the round robin tournament. At present, four teams have ushered in new victories, and their China Table Tennis 8-1 reversed Slovakia. Although it encountered some difficulties at first, the main players did not lose the game by surprise the day before, which deserves everyone’s recognition.

In addition, the third seed Japan swept the China Taipei team 8-0, and the fourth seed South Korea reversed France 8-5, but the second seed Germany collapsed in the absence of the six main players and lost to Sweden 4-8, becoming the first team among the four major seeds to suffer the total score defeat.

Please see below for the detailed situation.

On the first day of the World Cup quarter-finals, only four matchups were arranged, and the opponent it met in China Table Tennis was not strong, that is, the Slovak team with average strength, but the mixed doubles in the first set were more intense than many fans imagined. The Asian champion combination Lin Gaoyuan/Wang Yidi came up 0-1 behind Zelinka/Kukulova, but then it was reversed by pulling two games in a row and refused to be upset.

Subsequently, China won the women’s singles and men’s singles. Manyu Wang, who lost to Puerto Rican player Diaz, swept Barazova 3-0, and Fan Zhendong also beat Wang Yang 3-0. As a result, the total score of Guoping was reversed by 8-1, which ushered in a good start in the quarter-finals.

Japan’s opponent this time was the China Taipei team without Lin Yunru, Chuan Chih Yuan and Zheng Yijing, and the game soon became "one-sided". Zhang Benzhihe/Hayata Hina, Hirano Miwoo and Yoshiyama Liao slammed 8-0, but the opposite side didn’t even send Chen Siyu, the only core main force, to participate in the war. It seems that they basically gave up their resistance. After all, it is already earned that they can enter the quarterfinals this time.

The battle between South Korea and France was fierce. Lin Zhongxun/Shen Yubin, two world runners-up, lost to Felix/Pavard 0-3 in the first set of mixed doubles, and then Tian Zhixi and Ahn Jae hyun both beat Yuan Jianan and Alex 2-1. At this time, South Korea still fell behind 4-5 in the overall score.

At the crucial moment, the Korean doubles came to the rescue, Lin Zhongxun/Ahn Jae hyun swept the lebrun brothers 3-0, Tian Zhixi/Shen Yubin beat Pawad/Luz 1-0, and the total score was 8-5. Relatively speaking, the French team was still relatively inferior, and it was not unexpected to lose.

As for the German team, due to the lack of six main players (Ochalov, Qiu Dang, Francesca, Bohr, Han Ying and Mittham), its strength can’t match the identity of the second seed. Although there are two main players (falk and Moregord) in Sweden, Carlson and A. Carlberg are obviously better than other German male players, with obvious advantages.

After the start of the game, Germany’s Mensell/Wanyuan’s opening lead was reversed, and finally lost 1-2 to Sweden’s Carlsson/C Carlberg. In the second set, Germany’s Winter also lost 1-2 to Sweden’s Berg Sterlon. In the third set, Walter was swept away by A. Carlberg, and in the fourth set, Walter/Stamp lost 4-11, 8-11 and 12-14.

At present, all three teams of China, Japan and South Korea have scored 4 points, leading the quarterfinals; Sweden and Germany followed closely, with 3 points; French, Slovakian, China and Taipei are all at the bottom of 2 points-the game is still going on, let’s wait for the new war to start!

Yang Li, Chief Content Officer of 36Kr： China is gestating a world-class medical company.

Who can cross the confused winter and become the next king of business in the medical and health industry?

Recently, 36Kr WISE2023 "Looking for certainty" King of Business-New Trends of Medical Health was held in Beijing. The conference joined hands with scientists, entrepreneurs and investors to find the "certainty" of the industry worth betting on from the real clinical needs and technological innovation.

Medical health is a track that can cross the cycle and has great development potential. It needs the investment of "1 billion dollars in 10 years" and the hard work of being willing to sit on the bench. At present, China’s basic research ability is booming, and innovative forces are rising. In the great changes, the new generation of enterprises are focusing on the real pain points in clinic, breaking through the technical bottleneck, crossing the market difficulties and risks, step by step, and achieving a win-win situation of social value and commercial value through innovative products and services.

In the opening speech session, Yang Li, chief content officer of 36Kr, mentioned that the number of elderly people over 65 in China has reached 210 million, aging and diseases are issues that must be faced directly, and the market is always calling for medical products and services with real clinical value, which makes everyone firmly believe that the medical and health industry is a trillion-dollar sunrise industry.

She pointed out that in the past, innovative pharmaceutical companies in China seized the opportunity of several super-large targets, which stimulated the expansion of the biomedical industry in China. However, with the maturity of the payer and the capital market, it is difficult to obtain a high premium for the micro-innovation that followed in the past; At present, only the medical instruments that are significantly superior to the original treatment plan in clinical effectiveness and safety can really stand out.

Yang Li, Chief Content Officer of 36Kr

The following is a speech by Ms. Yang Li, Chief Content Officer of 36Kr, edited by 36Kr:

If you are a sci-fi fan, these movies must be familiar.

In The Matrix, human beings in the real world can insert connectors behind their necks and enter the consciousness matrix of the "matrix". In "Avatar", scientists let the brain synchronize with Avatar’s body induction through the induction cabin; In Star Wars, the control of mechanical prostheses through ideas ….. all these vividly depict the super power of brain-computer interface in the future.

This year, Neuralink, Musk’s brain-computer interface company, was officially approved for human clinical trials. Thousands of patients with gradual freezing and spinal cord injury lined up to join the group, hoping to implant electrodes and chips in the brain to regain their motor ability. In China, a number of startups have emerged to develop invasive brain-computer interfaces, which have been favored by investment institutions and are developing more indications. The cutting-edge technological innovation represented by brain-computer interface is the source of vitality of medical and health industry.

Biomedicine is a track with high investment and high risk. However, this year’s popularity of a "magic medicine", Smegrupeptide, has made ordinary people realize how high the return of innovation in pharmaceutical research and development may be. This drug, which was originally used to reduce blood sugar, quickly came out of the circle because of its excellent performance in weight loss. In the first three quarters of 2023 alone, it contributed $14.2 billion to Novo Nordisk. It not only pulls the parent company’s market value beyond LV, but also becomes the current European enterprise market value champion; It also drove the investment boom of the entire GLP-1 receptor agonist track by itself.

The power of science and technology allows human beings to enter outer space, control large models and create billions of wealth. However, in the face of the one-way process of birth, illness and death, human strength is so weak. Up to now, there are still no effective drugs and solutions for common diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver and Alzheimer’s disease.

Nowadays, the number of elderly people over 65 in China has reached 210 million. Aging and diseases are issues that must be faced directly. The market is always calling for innovative drugs and medical devices that have real clinical value and can solve pain points. This is what we are willing to firmly believe: the medical and health industry is a trillion-dollar track and a sunrise industry.

However, since the first innovative drug was approved in China in 2011, the development history of innovative drugs in China is only 12 years. Seize the opportunity of several super-large targets, take advantage of local talents and cost advantages, and a number of innovative pharmaceutical companies rose rapidly and rushed to the market, which once stimulated the expansion of the biomedical industry in China.

However, with the maturity of the payer and the capital market, it is difficult to obtain a high premium for the micro-innovation that followed in the past. Only the medical instruments that are significantly superior to the original treatment plan in clinical effectiveness and safety can really stand out.

It is optimistic that China’s basic research ability is booming, and the original innovation ability of biomedicine has also made a qualitative leap, and the whole industrial chain of R&D, design, production and registration supporting innovative medical equipment has also matured. In recent years, China’s innovative drugs and machinery have gradually become a majestic trend, and many enterprises have rushed out of the tight encirclement in the global competition and got a lot of business transcripts.

It can be said that world-class medical companies are being bred in China at present.

Indeed, the phenomenon of "stuck neck" is still common, the trend of medical insurance control fees is still continuing, the enthusiasm of capital has also subsided, and the entrepreneurial game in the pharmaceutical industry has switched to a difficult mode, full of various uncertainties. However, all the guests present are still willing to bend down and enter such a slow but bright track, using medical technology as a spear to overcome stubborn diseases.

The more you are in such a cold winter, the more you need to hold a group to keep warm. Today, we chose a representative medical subdivision track and invited more than 30 entrepreneurs and investors in the frontier medical science and technology field to talk about the inspiration and persistence of medical technology innovation, as well as the uneven road of admission and commercialization.

The fog will eventually disperse, and the winter will eventually pass. The theme of this year’s 36Kr WISE Medical Sub-forum is "Looking for certainty". We hope to sum up the coming 2023, predict the trend of venture capital in the medical and health industry in 2024, and explore more valuable certainty creed. Believe that the sun will eventually rise as usual!

16 ways to play badminton well

First, for amateur badminton lovers, if they want to improve their skills in a short time, some practical methods can be adopted. Here we recommend a 16-rule rule to you.

1, strive to hit the ball in front of the upper body, don’t let the ball fall to the height below the neck, otherwise the return ball will have no attack.

2. Hold your hands and clap your hands as relaxed as possible so as to maximize the strength of your wrist.

3. In singles, you should return to the center position immediately after each stroke. When defending doubles, you should return to the position parallel to your partner, while when attacking doubles, you should keep the position before and after your partner. When serving doubles, you should immediately block the net forward after serving a short ball to prevent your opponent from hitting a short ball back.

4, in singles, unless spiking, never hit the ball in the opponent’s midfield, try to play two corners.

5. When making a powerful forehand or backhand stroke, the body should turn to the hitting side in order to stand firm.

6. The singles serve should be as high and far as possible, the doubles serve should be short, the flight route of the ball should be close to the upper edge of the net, and the serve should be changeable.

7. Try to confuse each other with fake actions as much as possible within the scope permitted by the rules, but don’t reveal your intentions in advance.

8. When playing a high ball, it is necessary to accurately judge the flying direction of the ball, and the ball should be played as high as possible and close to the opponent’s bottom line.

9. When hanging the ball in front of the net, the route of the ball should be short and as close as possible to the net.

10. Spike should be as far away from the opponent as possible or directly hit the opponent’s grip or shoulder.

11. When you are at a loss or need a short respite, you can hit a high ball and then return to the center of the field.

12. For beginners, the backhand end line is usually its weak area, and attention should be paid to hitting its weakness.

13. When hitting the high ball back in the frontcourt, you should try to use spike, which is an important scoring method, but don’t hit the high and short ball at the baseline, which usually gives the opponent a chance to kill the ball.

14. Many athletes have their own unique style of play, so they should be good at judging the landing point of the ball and get into the appropriate position in time, but don’t expose their movements too early.

15. When you receive the service in doubles, you should lift the racket to force the opponent to serve low. If the opponent’s service is too high, you should immediately go forward and kill.

16. If you are scoring, don’t change your style of play. If you are losing, you should immediately adjust your manners. If your continuous attack doesn’t work, you can hit a high ball and then find a fighter to attack again.

Second, the six key decisions to win in singles

1. Forcing backhand

As far as all athletes are concerned, the backhand stroke in the backcourt is always more or less weaker than the forehand stroke, which is relatively less offensive and the ball path is relatively simple (due to the limitation of physiological anatomy). Some athletes can’t hit the ball to the opponent’s end line with backhand in the backcourt, so they should attack the opponent’s backhand without relaxation.

(1) adjust the position of the other party

Make the opponent’s backhand area open, and then hit the ball to the backhand area, forcing the opponent to use the backhand to hit the ball.

(2) For opponents with poor backhand.

People with poor backhand in the backcourt often use overhead hitting, sideways hitting and sideways bowing to make up for the lack of backhand. Because the backhand area is hit overhead and sideways, the body center of gravity and body position should be biased to the sideline of the left field, so you can repeatedly attack the opponent’s backhand area to keep his body away from the center. In this way, there is a large gap in the forehand area, which is originally the advantage of the other side, and it has become the target of attack. When the opponent hits a half-court lob, the choice of the smash point should be: if the opponent moves slowly, the smash point should be until he just left. Because it is very difficult to stop immediately and then turn around to catch the ball in the fast movement. When forcing the opponent to hit the ball with a backhand in the backcourt, he should take the initiative to move forward and seal the front of the net. When the opponent hangs the ball in front of the net with a backhand in the backcourt, he can quickly come forward to kill or rub and hook, creating an active opportunity for the next shot.

2. Flat high ball presses the bottom line

Hit the two corners of the opponent’s backcourt with a fast and accurate flat ball, try to reduce the flying arc of the ball as much as possible on the premise that the opponent can’t intercept it, and press the opponent to the bottom line. When the opponent returns the half-court high ball, he can smash the attack. When using the flat high ball to press the baseline, the tactical effect of the flat high ball can be increased if it is combined with chopping and killing. Under normal circumstances, the more the landing point of the flat ball and the landing point of the kill and hoist are pulled apart, the better the effect will be.

3, pull, hanging combination to kill the ball

This tactic is to hit the ball to the four corners of the opponent’s court accurately, so that the opponent will run back and forth on the court every time he hits the ball. When using this tactic, different methods of pulling and hanging should be adopted for opponents with different characteristics. For those who have slow backward footwork, they can play more front and back fields; For those who run blindly and fly all over the field, you can use the double ball and fake action; For those with poor flexibility, you should make more diagonal lines and try to make the other side turn around as much as possible; Those with poor backhand in the backcourt still attack backhand by pulling away; Those who are not good at physical strength can use more slapping and hanging to consume their physical strength, and then overcome it. If you can skillfully use the techniques of flat ball, split hanging and rubbing, pushing and hooking in front of the net, you can quickly pull away the opponent and wait for an opportunity to smash, then this tactic can get better results.

4. Hanging and killing the Internet

First, in the backcourt, the ball should be pressed down with light kill, point kill and split kill combined with hanging ball, and the landing point should be chosen on both sides of the field to make the opponent passively return the ball. When the opponent returns the ball in front of the net, he quickly goes online to create a half-court smash opportunity by rubbing the ball against the net, or crossing the diagonal, or pushing it quickly; If the opponent picks a high ball in front of the net, he can kill the ball directly on him in the process of retreating.

5. Transition ball

First of all, it should be clear that the transition ball is to get rid of passivity and actively create conditions for the counterattack of the next shot. How to change passivity into initiative is an important part of the competition. When you are passive, do it: first, buy time to adjust yourself and control the center of gravity of your body. It is a common means to hit a high ball from the baseline in front of the net or in the backcourt. When you are in the state of running and chasing the ball, or when your body’s center of gravity is out of control, you can play a high-distance ball to gain time, restore your body’s center of gravity and adjust your situation. Secondly, use the change of the ball path to disrupt the opponent’s offensive steps. When catching a kill ball or a lob, you should return the ball to a place far away from the opponent, so as to destroy the continuous rapid attack of the opponent’s lob and lob. If the opponent hangs and kills the ball and blindly goes online, but his own goal is better, he can return the ball to the opponent’s bottom line.

6, defensive counterattack

This tactic is to deal with opponents who attack blindly and have poor physical strength. At the beginning of the game, first lure the opponent to attack with a high ball, and when the opponent only cares about attacking and neglects his own defense, he can attack suddenly. Or attack when the opponent’s physical strength drops and the speed slows down. This tactic of starting to stick to it, taking advantage of it, waiting for it, and making a preemptive strike sometimes works well.

Third, the midfield batting technique-practice

Midcourt batting techniques can be roughly divided into: blocking the net before the ball, picking the high ball, drawing the ball and hitting the ball quickly.

1, blocking the net before the ball technology

1) Forehand block straight net ball technology

This technique is mostly used to catch the ball from the other side. Before catching the ball, use the footwork of catching and killing the ball to move to the sideline of the right field, with the body leaning to the right, the arm extending to the right, the forearm rotating outwards and the wrist abduction. When hitting the ball, the forearm rotates slightly and turns the wrist to drive the racket to push the ball from the bottom right to the front, and block the ball to the front of the straight net. When hitting the ball, the forearm can be rotated from the outside to the inside to drive the racket to cut and block the straight net from the right to the front. After hitting the ball, turn left to face the net, then step forward with your right foot, and the racket turns left with your body and closes in front of you.

2) The forehand block is the same as the technical preparation posture of the diagonal net.

When hitting the ball with a swing, the forearm is slightly rotated inward while the elbow joint is flexed, and the wrist is extended from the back to the right side of the adduction flashing bat holder. Before hitting the ball on the right side, the wrist and fingers control the angle of the racket face to make the ball fall in front of the diagonal net.

3) backhand blocking the ball in front of the straight net

The forehand is also used to catch and kill the ball. First, use the footwork of catching and killing the ball to move to the sideline of the left field, turn left and lean forward, with the right shoulder facing the net, bend the right elbow, abduct the wrist, and lead the racket to the front of the left shoulder. When hitting the ball, with the impulse of the opponent’s incoming ball, the front arm drives the racket from the upper left to the left, and the top force of the thumb is used to swing the ball lightly to stop the ball back to the front of the straight net. After hitting the ball, the body turns right to face the net, and the racket moves in front of the body.

4) The backhand hook is used to kick the ball in front of the diagonal net

The backhand hook is used to catch the kill ball diagonally. When hitting the ball, the wrist flicks the lower left side of the ball holder from abduction to backward extension, making the ball fall in front of the diagonal net.

2, the lob technique

1) The forehand catches and picks the straight backcourt golf ball

When the opponent kills the right line ball, his right foot takes a big step to the right. Move the racket sideways with footwork, swing the right arm slightly to the right and then slightly outward, with the wrist extended to the maximum, so that the racket swings back quickly, followed by a slight outward swing when the right forearm swings forward rapidly, and the wrist extends from the back to the straight wrist. At this time, the elbow plays the role of "fulcrum", and the racket face accurately hits the ball at the middle and lower parts of the bat tray, making the ball fly in a straight and high direction. After hitting the ball, the forearm is rotated inward, the racket is waved to the front of the body, and the racket is recovered to the front.

2) Backcourt lob with backhand catch.

Before hitting the ball, the forearm is pronated, the wrist is abduction, and the racquet is brought to the left. When hitting the ball, the upper arm is supported, the forearm swings rapidly to the right front, the wrist flashes from abduction to backward extension, the racket is gripped tightly, and with the jacking force of the thumb, the ball is swung at full speed to make it fly in a straight line. If you swing diagonally, the ball flies diagonally.

3. Ball-drawing technique

1) Forehand flat draw

Stand with your feet equal and slightly wider than your shoulders, and take a small step to the right with your right foot. At the same time, your upper body leans slightly to the right, and your right arm swings up to the right. With the racket lifted up, your elbow joint keeps a certain angle. Before hitting the ball, your elbow joint swings forward, your forearm is slightly rotated back, and your wrist is slightly abduction and extension, leading to the back of your body.

When hitting the ball, the forearm rotates inward, the wrist is straight and flashing, the fingers grasp the handle, and the racket sweeps the ball from right back to right front at high speed. After hitting the ball, the racket will swing to the left, and the left foot will follow further to the left, ready to meet the second ball.

2) backhand flat draw

The right foot crosses in front of the left side, the center of gravity is on the left foot, and the backhand grip of the right hand is in front of the left side. Before hitting the ball, the elbow is slightly raised, the forearm is pronated, the wrist is abduction, and the racquet is taken to the left. When hitting the ball, driven by the right turn of the hip, the forearm rotates outward, the wrist flashes from abduction to straightness, and the bottom of the ball holder is swung. After hitting the ball, the racket is retracted to the right side with the back movement of the body.

4, quick play technology

1) Fast forehand play

Feet apart, right foot slightly in front, left foot in back, knees in a semi-squat position, hold the racket in front, lift the racket, lift it over the top of your head, and lead it to the lower right side behind your head, so the grip is loose. When it is judged that the incoming ball is above the head, the body moves forward slightly, and at the same time, the left foot takes a small step forward, and the right foot is slightly straightened into a left lunge, and the hitting point is selected in front of the right shoulder. Lift the upper arm forward and upward, bend the elbow, swing the forearm with external rotation later, and pat it behind the head. When hitting the ball, the forearm is forward, and the wrist is extended from backward to forward, and the back of the bat tray is flashed, so that the ball flies straight and quickly to the vicinity of the opponent’s midfield area. After hitting the ball, the racket moves forward to the left with the front cover and the right foot, and stands slightly behind the center line. The racket is raised from the lower left back to the upper front, ready to meet the next incoming ball.

2) backhand fast play

Stand in the left field with your feet parallel, with your center of gravity on your right foot, and lift your racket in front of the right side. When it is judged that the ball is in the left field, the right forearm swings to the left, the body turns to the right shoulder to the net slightly to the left, and the left foot also takes a small step to the left. The forearm is rotated internally, and the wrist abduction is taken behind the left side. When hitting the ball, the forearm is rotated outward, the wrist is straight and flashing, and the fingers suddenly grasp the handle, and the front cover holds the back of the ball, so that the ball flies straight forward. After hitting the ball, the racket is raised from the lower right to the upper front to prepare for the next shot.

　

Fourth, the response of singles attack tactics

1, serve and attack tactics of strain.

Serving and attacking is an important scoring method in the game, and serving can be based on the opponent’s position. In order to gain the initiative of the first few shots, we should use different service methods according to the habit of hitting the ball back, counterattack ability, playing characteristics, spirit and psychological state. Through the use of this tactic, the whole strategic deployment of the other side is disrupted, causing the other side to be caught off guard. Especially at the critical moment, different effects can be achieved by using the tactics of serving and attacking; We can use it to open the deadlock and strive for initiative when we are deadlocked. When leading, you can use it to pursue victory and beat your opponent at one go; When you are behind, you can use it to make the final struggle, turn the tide and turn defeat into victory.

(1) Pre-attack tactics

Serve the ball in the frontcourt, serve the ball in the No.1 area, serve the ball in the area between No.1 and No.2 area, and serve the chasing ball.

The main purpose of serving the ball in the frontcourt is to restrict the opponent from attacking immediately, and the other purpose is to pass the accuracy. Consciously judge the opponent’s return ball path, so as to organize and launch a quick and powerful attack, achieve direct score or get a second attack opportunity. Under normal circumstances, the ball in the forecourt area should be served mainly between the No.1 and No.2 areas and the chasing ball, which is safer and will not cause mistakes.

　(2) Serve the high ball and take the attack tactics.

There are three kinds of flat lobs: No.3 zone, No.4 zone and between No.3 and No.4 zones.

The difference between the tactics of serving a high ball and the tactics of attacking in the front court is that the attacking in the front court can directly seize the fighter plane to attack, while the attacking in the front court can only get the opportunity to attack by defending the middle.

The purpose of leveling the high ball: first, to cooperate with the ball attack in the forecourt; The second is to let the opponent attack blindly or within the scope of our judgment, so that the server can quickly turn from defense to attack; The third is to cause the other party to make a direct mistake because of losing control.

(3) The flat shot is mainly the flat shot in Zone 3.

The purpose of flat shooting tactics is: first, to sneak attack, if the opponent’s reaction is slow, or the position is off the sideline, and the gap in Zone 3 is large, the success rate of sneaking into Zone 3 may be high; The second is to force the other side to play flat and fast; The third is to force the opponent to the backcourt and cause the gap in the front area of the net.

　2. The response of the tactics of receiving serve and attacking.

Receiving and attacking tactics is the easiest to score in receiving and serving tactics. One of the most threatening tactics. However, the premise is that the quality of the opponent’s service is not good. If the landing point is not in place when serving the high ball; Too high when the ball crosses the net in the forecourt; The speed of flat shot is not fast and the angle is not good; Poor rhythm, landing point and radian when serving a flat high ball will create opportunities for receiving and attacking.

Without this prerequisite, blindly rushing to attack will have a poor effect and a low success rate. In addition, there must be positive. Bold sense of rushing to attack. In order to get the success (score) of the attack tactics, we must also combine our own technical characteristics and physical conditions with each other’s technical characteristics. Physical condition and psychological quality. For example, when the opponent serves a flat high ball from the right court with poor landing point, which has caused us an excellent opportunity to launch a rush attack, we should use our best skills, seize the opponent’s weakness, and make a decisive and bold rush attack.

The completion of the attack tactics mostly depends on the organization of two or three beats to attack the ball path. Therefore, once the attack is launched, it is necessary to speed up, expand the control surface, seize each other’s weaknesses or customary routes and attack to the end, and complete the attack tactics in one go.

Is it difficult to educate children？ Good education is urgent and can never be ignored.

# Record my life # You know how to educate your children to be kind and caring since childhood, and to have a sense of awe and respect for people and other animals.

The little girl next door came to my house to see Keji Baobao.

Then there is no doubt that the best way is pet education. Imagine that a person who loves pets will not respect his parents. Will a person who loves pets disrespect his teachers and classmates?

But it’s a pity that many parents are not right, but they often lament that their children are unlucky. The so-called good luck and good popularity are supported by good character, and they can’t get a kind and sincere education from childhood.

She told me that she would protect the puppy

There is no doubt that when I grow up, I am very short of feelings. Many people have become Woodenhead, mainly because of his family environment. Finally, I hope that every parent should have a respect for life.

Such children are definitely useful talents for the motherland when they grow up.

Fear of life, naturally, you can influence your children. Kindness and good popularity are never bought by cunning. Give a compliment from a friend who agrees. See you next time! # Challenge 30 days to keep a diary in the headlines # # Family education #